Course assignement - Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Course assignement - - Essay Example In addition, mass migration may lead to epidemics of communicable diseases particularly when populations residing in areas of low disease endemicity pass through or into areas of high endemicity during the course of their migration. Examples of epidemics of malaria among refugees with low levels of acquired malaria immunity include Afghan refugees in Pakistan (1980) and Bhutanese refugees in Nepal (1992) (Noji, 1997). The primary focus of communicable disease surveillance is given to early detection of epidemics with the potential to increase rates of morbidity and mortality. One of the main problems encountered in this field is a lack of a common terminology. There has been a general push among those who work within organizations engaged in communicable disease surveillance to develop a common case definition to be used by all in order to provide the necessary consistency in reporting worldwide. There are a number of communicable disease control activities that have been developed including vector control, screening of food handlers, water supply testing, and immunization coverage all before any disease is discovered. Other activities such as screening of contact cases, community mobilization, epidemic source identification and the equipping of laboratories and reagents can be used as a means of containing disease. In all of these, training must be provided well ahead of time and implemented in a timely way among the refugees and internally displaced people’s semi-long-term settlements. Perhaps this hasn’t yet been accomplished because the issue is much more daunting than the simple statement of the problem. Case definitions are required for each health event / disease / syndrome. Contributing to the solution, WHO (World Health Organization) has developed and recommended some standard case definitions, but to be

What Should You Do If Someone Have Been Abused Essay Example for Free

What Should You Do If Someone Have Been Abused Essay If a person does not tell you but you suspect that they are being abused, you need to tell your manager You may want to talk to the person before you contact the relevent authorities. If you do this, bring the subject up sensitively by letting the person know that you are concerned about them and want to support them. Listen to them without being impatient or critical of them or their actions. Letting them talk and share their concerns is very important as it helps them to break the silence and know that they are not on their own. Getting involved does not mean that you have to solve the situation. It can be very difficult supporting someone who is being abused as they may not make the decisions that you think they should. It is important that they make the decisions, not you or anyone else, unless the person does not have the mental capacity to do so, in which case you must act in their best interests. Your support will be important to them as they may have very little confidence and poor self esteem as a result of the abuse. Do not put yourself at risk. Always contact the appropriate person if you are concerned for the person’s immediate safety or if they in immediate danger but you are concerned about them. What should you do if an individual tells you they have been abused? When abuse has taken place you should stay calm and remain none judgmental. Put your own feelings aside and try and not communicate shock, disgust embarrassment or disbelief. You should also be supportive and stay close to the alleged victim immediately after the disclosure to provide some sense of physical security. Assure the individual that they did the rite thing by telling you about what happened. Never tell the alleged victim that you do believe them and ensure the individuals safety. Ensure that the alleged abuser does not have access to the victim and assure the victim will stand by them in the process of getting help. Further more you should seek privacy if possible so the individual is protected from disclosing in public and listen closely if the victim wants to talk but do not ask questions beyond  what is necessary to protect the victim and preserve evidence. You should report this to a senior or manager as soon as you have finished talking and made sure the victim is safe so that the nesscery action can be taken. National policies How to ensure abuse evidence is kept safe. Evidence of abuse must be stored carefully to maintain the quality and integrity of the samples either in a locked room were only certain people have access to if on the computer it must be password locked if hand written it needs to be in a lockable cabinet any Clothing must be stored in an airtight manner. Photographs, as evidence should be printed on archival quality paper and locked away in a safe place. Always remember to sign and date your notes and any other records you have made. Medical professionals such as GP, AE staff, nurses, doctors: they can examine, diagnose treat, they can record this can include photographic evidence. Social Services dept would carry out an assessment of needs, this would include any unpaid carer of individual. Safeguarding Team Police to investigate/prosecute, to work with other agencies, to provide support to victims, to raise awareness of crimes, crime prevention. Care Quality Commission to regulate inspect care providers. CRB, to check an individuals past to see if they have any criminal convictions.

Theatre-In-Education :: Drama

Theatre-In-Education The theatre education industry/movement has seen some rapid changes since its initial developments and establishment in the 1960’s. However its origins mainly lie in the early years of the last century. It was the initial establishment of companies such as Bertha Waddell’s in Scotland and Esme Church’s in the north of England that thoroughly established the main roots of TIE. Mainly the initial aims of these companies was to stimulate, educate and inform young people through encouraging them to participate in enjoyable and imaginary based theatre programmes. Despite early attempts in Britain in the mid 1930’s, where a Glasgow Director of education allowed the Bertha Waddell’s company to perform in junior schools within school time, the majority of the advances within the movement came after World War Two. Due to the nature and after-effects of the time, many post war Education Authorities felt the need to sponsor drama and live theatre companies to aid in their areas learning processes. One could perhaps say that due to the sheer devastation of the war many education authorities felt that through the use of drama therapy and role play style interaction that students would be able to address their true anxieties and would therefore have a more rewarding time in post war school. Around this time parallel groups were beginning to form in Birmingham and London. One of the pioneers of these types of groups was Brian Way. Having established his own theatre-in-education company in the late 1940’s, Brain established his companies aims as being, to assist teachers in all types of schools with methods of approach to drama in education. This company began to be at the forefront of schools early experiments, linking children, their education and theatre. This expanded further and as it progressed throughout England was mainly made up of amateur theatre groups consisting of largely teachers who aimed to introduce theatre to children. However, the main expansion of TIE came when a number of professional theatre companies began the notion of creating these experiences and took them into schools. Towards the end of the 1960’s the TIE movement was given a dynamic push in the right direction. This was largely due to the new style of teaching and curriculum delivery that was being implemented across Britain. The ‘Plowden Report’ gave numerous advice on the delivery of the school curriculum and a new style of â€Å"problem-solving† to teach the syllabus was adopted throughout many primary schools. This new â€Å"problem-solving† style of teaching allowed TIE to flourish, as theatre could be used within schools to give examples of how to successfully problem solve. This largely was done in the style of role play situations and stemmed mainly from the teaching of alternative Theatre-In-Education :: Drama Theatre-In-Education The theatre education industry/movement has seen some rapid changes since its initial developments and establishment in the 1960’s. However its origins mainly lie in the early years of the last century. It was the initial establishment of companies such as Bertha Waddell’s in Scotland and Esme Church’s in the north of England that thoroughly established the main roots of TIE. Mainly the initial aims of these companies was to stimulate, educate and inform young people through encouraging them to participate in enjoyable and imaginary based theatre programmes. Despite early attempts in Britain in the mid 1930’s, where a Glasgow Director of education allowed the Bertha Waddell’s company to perform in junior schools within school time, the majority of the advances within the movement came after World War Two. Due to the nature and after-effects of the time, many post war Education Authorities felt the need to sponsor drama and live theatre companies to aid in their areas learning processes. One could perhaps say that due to the sheer devastation of the war many education authorities felt that through the use of drama therapy and role play style interaction that students would be able to address their true anxieties and would therefore have a more rewarding time in post war school. Around this time parallel groups were beginning to form in Birmingham and London. One of the pioneers of these types of groups was Brian Way. Having established his own theatre-in-education company in the late 1940’s, Brain established his companies aims as being, to assist teachers in all types of schools with methods of approach to drama in education. This company began to be at the forefront of schools early experiments, linking children, their education and theatre. This expanded further and as it progressed throughout England was mainly made up of amateur theatre groups consisting of largely teachers who aimed to introduce theatre to children. However, the main expansion of TIE came when a number of professional theatre companies began the notion of creating these experiences and took them into schools. Towards the end of the 1960’s the TIE movement was given a dynamic push in the right direction. This was largely due to the new style of teaching and curriculum delivery that was being implemented across Britain. The ‘Plowden Report’ gave numerous advice on the delivery of the school curriculum and a new style of â€Å"problem-solving† to teach the syllabus was adopted throughout many primary schools. This new â€Å"problem-solving† style of teaching allowed TIE to flourish, as theatre could be used within schools to give examples of how to successfully problem solve. This largely was done in the style of role play situations and stemmed mainly from the teaching of alternative

Oscar Flores: A.P US History Essay

The relationship between Indians and English was very controversial. They both had plans to assert their interests but led the English to be victorious. Initially, there was a good relationship between English and Indians but it would be changed drastically. The English brought different thing with them to the new world. They brought with them diseases like plague and smallpox which Indians were not immune to. The English also brought weapons Indians wouldn’t have ever thought about of. They came very well prepared with guns and mechanical weapons while Indians had poor resources, able to only flight with arrows and bows. Being peaceful the Indians wanted no violence to erupt with the English. When the English came to the new world they wanted to dominate as much as they could. The English were trying to take over land from the Indians. They wanted to have more land so they could have more plantations for their tobacco. As time flew by, the English fully established their pres ence in the new world. It was clear that they were here to stay and their impact was still to come. Over time they were creating a new society, and they were pushing away the Indians form their lands. Although Indians may have wanted to do something there wasn’t so much they could actually do. They were being outnumbered they were dying because of diseases and the lack of resources, it would be impossible to stop the English. By the 1600’s, as Indians had moved deeper into the west, laws were being created in the new English society that helped to get better. The Virginia house of burgesses, in 1619, enacted ways to stabilize the foundation of the new world by trying to convert the Indians into Christianity. The English hoped to accomplish this by acquiring native children and hoping to educate them in Christianity. They did this more with young boys to try and brainwashing them in the religion and educate them. This may have worked to gain the English ore support from Indians. Furthermore, as much as Indians were trying to be peaceful many English would turn their back on them. Document b an Englishmen recalls a day in 1622 were Indians were trying to trade with the m in a peaceful way. This shows a technique Indians were trying use to have peace with the English. Thing always turn out bad for the Indians there was brutal wars between the Indians and English. Like the Pequot war of, 1637 which was alliances within in the colonies against alliances within Indian tribes but of course Indians lost because of the English’s military tactics. There were many other wars between these two like the Powhatan war which was three battles but the war ended in peace. As years went by, with all the Indians dying, the English were becoming a bit fond of the Indians. In 1677 a governor that wanted to protect the Indians was the center of riots and infuriated citizens (doc. E). Then the governor sought to trade with the Indians secretly which treated him much better than his own people. In conclusion, although Indians were peaceful people that did not deserve to get what they got from the English, they were taking advantage of and sabotaged. In the 1600’s continuing into the 1700’s, the English- Indian relation may have enhanced slightly, b ut majorities of the time English were cruel to the Indians. The Indians when trying to make peace they were murdered , their home would get destroyed , they would die of diseases, and they were outnumbered in power because of English’s better technology and techniques that took over Indian land. More so, the English were victorious because of technology, they were more organized, and the need they have to take over land. Also they were facing a group of people that didn’t want violence.

Perception and Portrayal of the Abolitionist

Societal values have changed so much since a hundred years ago. The development of science and the introduction of many intellectual movements have contributed much to these changes. Ideals which were deemed erroneous or immoral can be accepted and welcomed, and those widely accepted as scientific truths and fact can be debunked and proved wrong as well. But it is wrong to assume that every pillar in society can be changed. Several values and ideals have stood the test of time and were deemed universally and chronologically constant, because this is how society wants them to remain.These values, standards and norms therefore could be likened to a lens, since society uses these things to assess situations and the environmental factors they are exposed to. Everything that happens can be processed differently by different individuals, depending on the lens that he or she uses. There are some who manage to deviate from the norm and use unconventional â€Å"lenses† to view their en vironments and act upon situations differently than the usual. Similarly, how these people are viewed by the rest of society depend on the current value system.Usually, many of these revolutionaries become ostracized or even killed for their beliefs, as the changes they want to bring about may not agree or even violate some of the accepted norms and ideologies. John Brown is one such revolutionary, proposing change in the midst of pro-slavery America. His unconventional ideas and methods went against many standards of pro-slavery society that many saw threatening. However, as times changed and some values and ideologies were revolutionized, society’s views on John Brown’s life also changed.Some viewed him as a brilliant man who saw through American society’s fault, or a hero who died for the freedom of men who were stripped of liberty. Some also viewed him as a madman, a crazy zealot and one of America’s first terrorists. John Brown is also portrayed in v arious ways in popular culture, as his life and words are used in songs, plays and TV shows. Statement of the Problem As a prominent American historical figure, society’s opinion on John Brown is highly influenced by culture and value systems. However, it is a given that some of these values continuously fluctuate and some remain throughout time.With the changes in time and values from the time of John Brown’s active action and his death, how did public perception of him change? If so, what are the factors that affect these changes? Objectives This paper seeks to shed some light on how John Brown was viewed throughout history and time and what factors affected these perceptions of his character. An analysis of information regarding his portrayal in popular culture and a discussion on how these portrayals came about shall be included in this paper. Significance of the StudyThis study is geared towards looking at and analyzing John Brown’s life and seeing how soci ety viewed him while he was alive and after his death. Since it has been established that there has been a conflicting public opinion regarding John Brown, this study will help shed some light on the reasons for this differing public opinion and analyze the factors that contribute to these differences. Using John Brown as a base, sociological dynamics can be more fully understood. Scope and Limitations This study shall only be using online articles, journals and some books as its reference.Data shall be gathered from these materials and a suitable data analysis by the author shall be the basis of the conclusions made in this paper. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Abolitionism and Slavery in the United States The Roots of Slavery Slavery in the United States involved the selling, purchase, ownership of African or even Native American slaves. It first began when the English built their community in Virginia in 1607 and ended up being widely-accepted tradition until 1865. Many of the s laves were gathered from pagan countries and this was written into law by 1705.In Columbia, a slave is defined in law as a human being who is â€Å"deprived of his or her liberty for life and is the property of another. † It was legal to own and keep slaves for as long as they were still alive from 1654 to 1865. By 1860, ownership of slaves has become so widespread that a fourth of the population during that time are comprised of slaves. Disease, famine and damages caused by the war against Native Americans have kept available labor down, and this made importation of slaves more palatable for many business men. The slaves were treated as capital for labor intensive commerce such as the cash crop industry of tobacco.They were considered as the life line of the south’s agricultural industry. A large proportion of the slaves were owned by farmers from the south, as a single farmer there owned an average of 20 slaves. Labor intensive commerce was mostly found in the south as these regions grew tobacco, cotton and sugar as primary exports. Many of the slaves were found in these farms, and here they contributed much to the economic welfare of the country. Racial basis of slavery were not only applied to Africans and Native Americans, but also to some members of the Caucasian race.Some Europeans were also utilized as slaves under a contract to pay debts. These white slaves were only held for a limited amount of time and not fully owned like African slaves. Westward Expansion The westward expansionist tradition of the country not only brought about territory, but it also spread both the tradition of slavery. Many of the cotton farmers moved west and brought their slaves with them. Historians call this period the Second Middle Passage. Many of the slaves were forcefully removed from their families and communities to work for new farms in the west.This slave exodus marked one of the most significant periods in African slavery. African slaves were subjected to psychological stress due to their forceful exclusion from their families and familiar environments. The westward movement was extremely difficult. Aside from the psychological hardship that being away from their families presented, they were also subjected to physical difficulties. Most of them were forced to travel on foot, only stopping in temporary holding pens for slaves where further slave trade was performed. The slaves were mobilized in shackles and chains as traders feared violence ensuing from the slaves.In their destination, extremely difficult work was waiting for them. Many of the areas in the west were still undeveloped, and so the burden of clearing forests, building barns and pioneer-planting crops in the fields were placed on the slaves’ shoulders. Alongside the exhaustion from the intense labor, unfavourable working conditions and amenities contributed to the high mortality rate of newly arrived slaves. This condition was so economically unfavourable for the slave owners that many of them resorted to temporarily renting slaves than using their own to complete the work.Many of the slaves resisted after being exposed to such dreadful conditions which ultimately gave the farmers and their overseers more reason to resort to cruelty and aggression to control slaves. Brutalities towards the slaves were institutionalized by the court. Overseers can physically harm slaves and in some cases, even kill the dissenting slave. The owners were authorized by court to use the slaves and their families at his disposal. Members of the family can be used by the owner to pay-off debts or increase income by selling them as slaves.It is common to find slave families broken and hurt from the separation of husbands, wives and children from one another. The slaves were given amenities and benefits like food, health care and clothing but only to a bare minimum. Disabling slaves by maiming them and executions for fugitive slaves were allowed by law. Sexual ab use and rape of the slaves was also rampant. In court, slaves were considered sub-human. If one does commit a crime, however, he is considered as an entity capable of thought and act, and thus is regarded as a rational being.With all these brutalities toward slaves, it is important to note that the treatment of slaves is dependent on skin color. Light-skinned slaves were dressed, fed and treated better than the dark-skinned ones who worked mostly in the fields. Anti-slavery supporters coming from the north knew of the brutalities and abuses inflicted on the slaves of the south. They sought to stop the institution of slavery, and this produced much tension between the two parties. The north’s movement to abolish slavery went against the economic favourability of slavery during that time.The economy dictated the increasing value of labor intensive industries in the south, and so labourers are needed more than ever. Abolitionist movement With the enlightenment and awareness of p eople regarding human rights came the abolitionist movement. Slavery was something that violated the basic tenet of human rights and dignity, and so it had to be abolished. Northern states have begun to pass acts which declared that all men were born free and equal. Several movements that involved religion and political movements highly influenced the strength and expanse of abolitionist ideals throughout the country.The movements that supported abolitionism varied in method and degree. Some were pacifist, as they tried to use the legal system and passed legislation seeking to make slavery illegal. Others utilized literature and the press like Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of the famous novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Religious movements declared slavery to be sinful and un-Christian, to discourage believers from keeping and owning slaves. Only a minority of abolitionists used to armed revolt and instigation of unrest and anger among the slaves as the main machinery to further t heir cause.The movement continued its stride to abolish slavery, but its strongest anchor point came with the election of a known contester of slavery, Abraham Lincoln, as president. With the head of state holding this position of opposition of slavery, the south felt that their way of life was endangered and threatened. Economic repercussions will be felt by their planters in the cotton, tobacco and sugar farms if the hands that worked in the plantations were to be set free. The zenith of the tensions between the south and the north was the American Civil war.It broke out when the south organized and removed themselves from the control of the American government. Rise of Abolitionism Historian James McPherson defined an abolitionist as a person who has fought for the abolition of slavery in the United States before the Civil war. American abolition started early on, as there were several groups already fighting for the liberation of slaves, such as the Society of Relief of Free Neg roes Unlawfully Held in Bondage, and there were several institutions which prohibited slavery already.Several states had passed laws that completely prohibited slavery in their territories. Those who joined the American Anti-Slavery Society or other groups were abolitionists. These movements were not unified, and so could not boast a unified strength. Vermont was the first territory to make slavery illegal, and Pennsylvania was the first state to abolish slavery in 1780. Then several states followed Pennsylvania’s example while some states chose to limit slave trading. Many of the states in the south retained the institution of slavery as it was the region’s life line in their plantations.Their strong adherence to the institution drove them to take a defensive stance against the rising popularity of the abolitionist movement. Many abolitionist writers distributed many anti-slavery writings and literature to the south to help spread the ideologies. Novels, pamphlets and other forms of writing began to circulate not just in the north, but also in the southern region. Southern officials were enraged at the act, and thus moved to ban all types of literature that might instigate rebellion and changes in the south. Violence was even employed to stop the circulation of antislavery media in the south.Elijah Parish Lovejoy, the editor of an abolitionist newspaper was murdered by a mob of pro-slavery southerners. His printing press was also destroyed. Abolitionists recognized the fact that slavery needed to be abolished everywhere in the country, but the north cannot interfere with the affairs of the south because of federal ruling. Because of this, many abolitionists focused on liberating the north and skipping the southern states. Some abolitionists were frustrated and did not like this idea, as they believed that every state should be free of slavery.The movement was further fortified by the support of free African-Americans and their church. With the i ssue of the constitution, the American Abolitionist movement split up into two groups, the Garrisonians, led by William Garrison and Wendell Phillips and another camp led by Spooner and Gerrit Smith. The Garrisonians believed that the constitution promoted slavery while Spooner’s group believed the constitution to be antislavery. Since slavery was unconstitutional, it could be abolished with the blessing of the law.More divisions in the abolitionist movement arose, but because of the social classes of the abolitionists themselves. The artisans and elites divided themselves on the issue of slavery as well. The Underground Railroad was used as a venue by many abolitionists to become more active in the cause for abolition of slavery. Many of the fugitive slaves were illegally transported away from their masters to be free men via this rail. But the railroad was made illegal by the passing of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. But this did not stop the abolitionists from providing s helter and transporting slaves to freedom.

Lesbian relationships Essays

Lesbian relationships Essays Lesbian relationships Essay Lesbian relationships Essay Discuss research into understudied relationships, such as gay and lesbian relationships, and mediated (e.g. Internet and txt) relationships  One type of understudied relationship is homosexual relationships. These have been found to be different to heterosexual relationships in certain ways but similar in others by a variety of different research. They may differ in terms of attraction formation, maintenance, or dissolution. As far as attraction is concerned, Davidson found that gay men were likely to look for similar characteristics to those of heterosexual men, and were likely to portray similar characteristics about themselves, such as physical attractiveness and status. Huston Schwartz found that lesbians were in a similar fashion likely to look for characteristics such as a good personality in the partner, both of which are characteristic of male and female attraction according to the sociobiological theory. It may therefore be that attraction in homosexual relationships is very similar to that of heterosexual relationships. Such attraction may lead to the formation of a relationship. This is likely to differ, as with heterosexual relationships the needs of a man and a woman are likely to be different, whereas if two people of the same gender form a relationship, the needs are likely to be similar. This may lead to problems in initiating activity, or may cause competition, a viewpoint supported by Kitzunger Coyle, who found that in the formation of lesbian relationships, it was necessary for one partner to be more assertive than the other in order for dates, intimacy, etc., to be initiated. The maintenance of homosexual relationships may differ to some extent to that of heterosexual relationships for similar reasons. Whereas traditionally in heterosexual relationships the man and woman differ in terms of rewards seeked and efforts needed to be put in, in homosexual relationships these may be more similar. Indeed, Huston Schwartz found that cohabiting homosexual men had more sex on average than any other type of cohabiting couple, whereas lesbians had the least. This is reflected by the sociobiological theorys depiction of men as spreading their seed and women as tending and befriending others. As a result, maintenance strategies may differ from homosexual relationships. Huston Schwartz found that in gay male relationships, confrontational conversation was used as a means of sparring for a higher status, whereas in lesbian couples it was avoided as it would pose a risk to intimacy and cooperation. This is however contested by Kollock et al., who found that the more assertive partner in a lesbian relationship would often use aggressive conversational tactics such as interruption. Homosexual and heterosexual couples may also differ in terms of breakdown. An example of this is the finding by Becker that lesbian relationships often break down when one partner falls in love with another woman, and that the breakup is initiated by that partner. However, another study found that infidelity in homosexual relationships does not necessarily cause disagreement between the partners. The above research accentuates the differences between homosexual and heterosexual relationships, but it is much more likely that they are more similar than different. Silverstein argues that this difference arises because homosexual samples are usually derived from gay bars and gay neighbuorhoods, which are characterised by temporary and casual, often sexual, relationships. It is likely that the results therefore paint a negative image of homosexual relationships, and that the sample and findings are unrepresentative of the general homosexual population. Computer-mediated (CM) relationships are another understudied type of relationship. This relatively recent phenomenon may have occurred as a result of the increased popularity of the internet, and is when relationships form or are maintained without the necessity of geographical proximity. According to Hellerstein, heavy users of e-mail were likely to form more relationships online, many of which then continued offline, whereas light users of email formed relationships in other ways. Chenault argues that such relationships may be successful because we seek to read between the lines of text-based speech; that is, small differences such as punctuation, capitalisation and the use of smileys are likely to greatly affect the interpretation of the text. Therefore, we may derive as much socially from CM conversation as from face-to-face covnersation. This argument is supported by Walther, who founded that participants reported perceiving slow replies to email as being more intimate than quick responses. This indicates a degree of reading between the lines. However, other researchers have argued that CM relationships cause a social vacuum which cannot satisfy a persons needs with regard to what can be derived from a relationship. They argue that the deindividuation that occurs by means of CM relationships makes it impossible to know the true personality of the other person in the relationship. However, Young argues that this deindividuation is beneficial for those who have low self-esteem or are too shy to initiate a relationship face-to-face, and may allow them to express their feelings in a more secure way before continuing the relationship.

Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay Essay Example

Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay Essay Example Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay Essay Teenage Pregnancy And Social Exclusion Social Work Essay Essay production ( taking portion in economically or socially valuable activities including voluntary work ) , political interaction or engagement ( engagement in local or national decision-making ) and societal interactions ( integrating with household, friends and the wider community ) as the four cardinal elements of societal engagement. These elements separately can stand for an result step for societal exclusion or inclusion. Adolescent gestation is a hazard factor for societal exclusion. Social disadvantage refers to a scope of societal and economic troubles an person can confront such as unemployment, poorness, and favoritism and is distributed unevenly on the footing of socio-demographic features such as ethnicity, socioeconomic place, educational degree, and topographic point of abode ( Wellings and Kane, 1999 ) . Social exclusion can go on to anybody but is more prevailing among immature people in attention, immature people non in school and among adolescents turning up in low income families, or those turning up with household struggles and people from some minority cultural communities are disproportionately at hazard of societal exclusion. people are besides most vulnerable at periods such as go forthing place, attention or instruction. Adolescent birth rates in the UK are the highest in Western Europe and gestation among misss under 16 old ages of age in England and Wales have increased since 2006, more than four in 10 misss still get pregnant before the age of 20. Two-thirdss of all pupils have sex before graduating from school and are exposed to gestation and sexually familial diseases. ( ONS, 2009 ) . Social exclusion Unit ( 2001 ) in their study to cabinet said that In England, there are about 90,000 constructs a twelvemonth to adolescents ; about 7,700 to girls under 16 and 2,200 to misss aged 14 or under. Roughly three-fifths of constructs 56,000 consequence in unrecorded births. Although more than two-thirds of under 16s do non hold sex and most adolescent misss reach their mid-twentiess without acquiring pregnant, the UK has teenage birth rates which are twice every bit high as in Germany, three times every bit high as in France and six times every bit high as in the Netherlands. Teenss that get pregnant are less likely to finish their instruction therefore hazards doing their future worse. They are more likely to be individual parents and are more likely to contract sexually transmitted diseases including HIV. Every twelvemonth there are new entrants into adolescent universe. The hazard factors that affect early teenage gestations are economic disadvantages, equal force per unit area, emotional hurt, sexual beliefs, attitude and accomplishments, household construction, community disadvantages, sexual hazard pickings and hapless preventive usage. ( Kirby, 2007 ) . The chief policy enterprises ( 750 ) New Labour ( 1997 ) introduced policies that aim to cut down immature people s hazards of low educational attainment, hapless or no occupation chances, criminalism and offending, adolescent gestation and sexually familial infections ( STIs ) . Tony Blair ( PM, 2001 ) in a preface to the Report by the Social Exclusion Unit on Preventing Social exclusion said Preventing exclusion where we can, reintegrating those who have become excluded, and puting in basic minimal criterions for all and we have worked in a new manner developing partnerships around common ends with the populace services, communities and charities, concerns and church administrations that have been fighting with the causes and symptoms of poorness for so long. The policy used hazard direction attacks as a manner of cut downing hazards of teenage gestation and sexually familial diseases amongst immature people by utilizing schemes that gives the single picks, duties and do them portion of the solution. New Labour s policies on teenage gestation centres around adolescent gestation and gender utilizing Knowledge Acquisition, Shifting Blame and Constituting Knowing Active Welfare Citizens as strategic Risk Management options. The New Labour authorities set up a Adolescent Pregnancy Strategy overseen by the Teenage Pregnancy Unit and the scheme centres on cut downing the rate of teenage constructs, with the specific purpose of halving the rate of constructs among under 18s by 2010. Geting more adolescent parents into instruction, preparation or employment, to cut down their hazard of long term societal exclusion. The Social Exclusion Unit was setup by the New Labour authorities to co-ordinate policy-making issues like school exclusion and hooky, unsmooth sleeping, teenage gestation, young person at hazard and deprived vicinities through, forestalling societal exclusion go oning in the first topographic point by cut downing the Numberss who go through experiences that put them at hazard or aiming action to counterbalance for the impact of these experiences, reintegrating those who become excluded back into society, by supplying clear ways back for those who have lost their occupation or their lodging, and missed out on acquisition and acquiring the rudimentss right by presenting basic minimal criterions to everyone in wellness, instruction, in-work income, employment and undertaking offense. Critically analyse policies-SID, RED, MUD Critical analysis of the Policy, ( 2000 ) Action to forestall societal exclusion is presenting consequences: the proportion of kids in places where no-one is in work has fallen from 17.9 per cent in 1997 to 15.1 per cent in 2001 ; over 100,000 kids are profiting from the Certain Start programme to guarantee they are ready to learn by the clip they reach primary school ; school exclusions have fallen by 18 per cent between 1997 and 1999 ; under-18 construct rates have fallen in four out of the last five quarters ; more 16-18 twelvemonth olds are remaining on in instruction ; the Care Leavers scheme has been introduced ; the Rough Sleepers Unit is flying new attacks to stop the fast path to homelessness from prison and the Armed Forces ; Drumhead Stakeholder Pensions will assist chair earners build up better pension entitlements from this April. Some 18 million people stand to derive from the State Second Pension, supplying more support than under the State Net incomes Related Pension Scheme ( SERPS ) for modest and low paid workers, and for carers and the handicapped ; and the personal revenue enhancement and benefit steps introduced over this Parliament mean that by October 2001, a single-earner household on half mean net incomes and with two immature kids will be ?3,000 a twelvemonth better off in existent footings compared with 1997. Families with person in full-time work will hold a guaranteed minimal income of at least ?225 a hebdomad, ?11,700 a twelvemonth. And households with kids in the poorest fifth of the population will on norm be ?1,700 a twelvemonth or around 15 per cent better off. And programmes to reintegrate people who have become excluded are entering successes: since 1997 more than 270,000 immature unemployed people have moved into work through the New Deal for Young People ; over 6,000 people have found work through the New Deal for Disabled People and over 75,000 people had found work between October 1998 and December 2000 through the New Deal for Lone Parents ; all Local Education Authorities ( LEAs ) have increased proviso for excluded students, a 3rd already make so, and two-thirds program to offer them full-time instruction in 2001 ; between June 1998 and June 2000, the figure of unsmooth slumberers fell by 36 per cent ; and the proportion of teenage parents in instruction, employment or preparation has increased from 16 to 31 per cent between 1997 and 2000. And alterations in basic public and private services are concentrating betterments on the poorest: higher criterions than of all time before in Key Stage 2 English and maths with a 10 and 13 per centum point betterment in each topic severally between 1998 and 2000 ; 44 Local Education Authorities ( LEAs ) in the 88 most deprived areas2 improved their Key Stage 2 maths consequences by 14 per cent or more between 1998 and 2000. The most improved country was Tower Hamlets, with an addition of 23 per cent ; 24 LEAs in deprived countries improved their Key Stage 2 English consequences by 11 per cent or more over the same period ; between 1998 and 2000 kids from most minority cultural communities saw a rise in accomplishment of GCSEs. This includes an eight per centum point addition in the figure of black students accomplishing five or more GCSE grade A*-C, against an norm for all students of three per centum points ; unemployment has fallen faster than the national norm in 19 of the 20 highest unemployment countries ; the combined effects of Minimum Income Guarantee ( MIG ) , Winter Fuel Payments and free telecasting licenses for those aged 75 and over mean that from April 2001 around two million of the poorest pensionary families will be at least ?800 a twelvemonth better off compared with 1997 a existent footings rise in life criterions of 17 per cent. together with revenue enhancement and benefit reforms, the national lower limit pay has helped to do work wage and promote persons to travel from benefits into work ; and by the terminal of 2000, all the high street Bankss offered a basic bank history available to all. Preventing societal exclusion These betterments are a good start. Tendencies on literacy, school exclusion, post-16 engagement and rough kiping are on path. Incomes for the poorest pensionaries and households, and for low-paid workers, have risen well. Where programmes have been slow to present consequences, for illustration on hooky, the Government is escalating action. But many of the programmes in this papers are merely in their babyhood, and are on class to present more significant consequences over clip. At the same clip, policy invention has been accompanied by new constructions and new ways of working within Government. These have created clearer answerability for cross-cutting topics such as rough sleeping, vicinity reclamation and young person policy ; set the footing for a new relationship of Partnership with groups outside Government ; organised services around the demands of the client ; and helped people to assist themselves Policy can worsen and non relieve Conclusion ( 500 ) The 1999 UK authorities s study on adolescent gestation concluded that the following were risk factors for gestations among adolescent misss: socioeconomic disadvantage, holding been oneself the kid of a adolescent parent, hapless communicating with parents, non being in instruction, preparation or work after age 16 old ages, equal force per unit area to hold sex early, educational jobs such as low accomplishment and hooky, intoxicant usage, low cognition about sexual wellness, and larning about sex from beginnings other than school However, these decisions were based on grounds that was instead old or from cross-sectional surveies, which are non the best usher to current tendencies

Kn- Words in English

Kn- Words in English Kn- Words in English Kn- Words in English By Maeve Maddox A teaching site offers this rule for dealing with â€Å"silent k†: â€Å"k is often silent before n.† An easier way to retain this information is to forget about â€Å"silent k† altogether. In a word like knot, k is not â€Å"a silent letter† at all, but part of the distinct phonogram kn. The symbol kn is just another way to spell the sound /n/. The spelling kn in a word like knave evolved from the Old English spelling cn, in which the â€Å"c† represented a guttural sound similar to the sound /k/. For example, the OE words from which our words knight, knot, and knave have evolved were spelled cniht, cnotta, and cnafa and pronounced with a hard first sound. The guttural sound eventually dropped out, leaving only the /n/ sound, but the old spelling has survived in kn. Here are some familiar kn words. knapsack knave knead knee kneel knell know knickknack knife knight knit knob knock knoll knotgrass knothole knowledge knuckle Here are some more kn words that may not be as familiar: knacker (noun): One whose trade it is to buy worn out, diseased, or useless horses, and slaughter them for their hides and hoofs, and for making dogs-meat. Ex. â€Å"Jones will sell you to the knacker, who will cut your throat and boil you down for the foxhounds.†Ã‚  (Animal Farm, George Orwell) knackered (adjective): exhausted. â€Å"After shopping with Mum, we were knackered.† knickerbockers (noun): loose-fitting breeches, gathered in at the knee, and worn by boys, sportsmen, and others who require a freer use of their limbs. Ex. â€Å"The childwas dressed in knickerbockers, with red stockings.† (Daisy Miller, Henry James) knickers (noun): underpants worn by women and children. The word is a back-formation of knickerbockers. It’s commonly heard in the idiom, â€Å"to get one’s knickers in a twist† (i.e., â€Å"become upset†). knackwurst (noun): a type of German sausage. Also spelled knockwurst. knout (noun): a kind of whip or scourge, very severe and often fatal in its effects. Ex. â€Å"The  knout  along with  the gulag  are Russias enduring shrines of torment.† knurl (noun): a small protuberance, excrescence, or knob. knurled (adjective): having knurls wrought on the edge or surface. Knurling  is a process of impressing a diamond-shaped or straight-line pattern into the surface of a work piece by using specially shaped hardened metal wheels. Ex. â€Å"Walnut Knurled Guitar Knob.† â€Å"Solid  walnut knurled  legs on table and chairs.† Two foreign borrowings, Knesset and knish, do not belong to the category of words spelled with the phonogram kn. They are spelled with the phonogram k; the sound /k/ is pronounced at the beginning of these words. Knesset (noun): The parliament of the State of Israel. The word derives from a Hebrew word meaning â€Å"a gathering.† Ex. â€Å"On July 11, 1995 this problem was raised for discussion in the Knesset finance committee.† knish (noun): A dumpling of flaky dough filled with chopped liver, potato, or cheese, and baked or fried. The word comes from a Yiddish word derived from a Russian word meaning â€Å"a kind of cake.† Ex. â€Å"Gabila’s Knishes: Home of the Coney Island Square Knish.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should AvoidThe Possessive ApostropheRite, Write, Right, Wright

Used a different classification method to describe types of living Essay

Used a different classification method to describe types of living environments - Essay Example Friedman helped me come up with three common classes of upper class, middle class, and low class living environments that I will discuss in the following paper. The low class of a household considers the house a gallery. The house obviously should be clean and organized. The position of each item, whether hanging, resting, or on the floor is extremely composed (Friedman 127). The color scheme harmonizes with the excellent lighting of the room. Such a design should make one feel experience something similar to one of the images shown in any edition of the â€Å"Architectural Digest.† The latest styles, expert touches, and thoroughly chosen pieces are the marks of the low class. Under the middle class, practicality is the main theme. Middle classes are minimalists who believe in just acquiring what is needed and ignoring or discarding anything supplementary. Concerns about the surrounding play a vital role when purchasing commodities with extremely few properly chosen items (Friedman 159). Such a household will take pleasure in portraying souvenirs from a recent trip along with hanging some framed images or paintings. A middle class household will refrain from too much consumption and will attempt to fit as much utility as possible from every item. Lastly, the household of an upper class individual or family is full of both necessary and complementary things. Finding extra space or room on a wall for hanging pieces of art in such a household becomes difficult for a designer. Reading material is scattered across the room (Friedman 171). Paper cutouts and memory notes are jammed under magnets on the fridge and stuck on walls in other rooms. An upper class resident appears to focus less on the appearance of the house and more on coziness. Reducing stress is nearly a slogan for an upper class household. As a result, an exceptionally clean show house is not a priority for those in the upper class group. For instance, putting dishes

Week 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 1 - Assignment Example This in turn have benefitted people, insurance companies and employers to get treatment with less cost and better quality especially for uninsured or under-insured patients. On the global part, the countries with these facilities are getting employment for their people. Impact on losers is yet less as this move is meeting demand-supply gap. However, increased dependence on same can adversely impact competitiveness and earnings of U.S medical professional, insurance companies, employers and also quality of services in these countries. Patients going abroad, where most of them are either uninsured or under insured can turn up as and a greater risk as no claim can be made in case of accident. Apart from this the increasing medical tourism in any particular country can result in increasing the cost of medical services. Negotiated services from medical professionals and insurance industry can reduce the impact, which if not controlled now, will affect them as well. Reality of globalization in health care industry must be seen in deeper sense. It is an observed trend that many people move from one country to another country in order to get medical treatment. The globalization in health care industry is good option for the people who are not able to get quality treatment in their own country. However, on the other hand this globalization seems to be no good option if foreign patients are treated at cost of local patients especially in Asian side

Customer Service Satisfaction at the University of London Library Essay - 1

Customer Service Satisfaction at the University of London Library - Essay Example According to Quinn (2007) in recent times the educational community, generally and the library profession in particular have placed increasing emphasis on the service quality model. This model has customer satisfaction as its primary objective as traditional measures of academic library quality such as collection size becomes secondary. In assessing service quality the customer compares expectations about the service offered to actual experience with the service. Gap analysis is a tool that is used to identify the differences (gap) between what is expected and what is experienced. According to Berkowitz et al (1997, p.353) this type of analysis requires consumers to assess their expectations and experiences on dimensions of service quality as described in the table that follows. In the context of service quality and customer satisfaction, of importance, is the need to look at the service that the library provides in order to see how it can fulfil expectations. The role of the library is to provide resource materials for its customers. But, who exactly are these customers? They are students, administrators, faculty members and the general public. In terms of reliability the library must be able to provide the student with a book, journal or other resource material which will enable the completion of a required task. While the librarian is expected to provide the service in a timely manner, there is the need for the student to exercise some skills in how to access required materials to carry out his or her role. The librarian however, is available to provide some guidance but the student independence is of extreme importance in the development of worthwhile skills which will be required in the future.

Legal Advice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Legal Advice - Essay Example Publix Super Markets Inc. is currently the largest supermarket chain in the U.S owned by employees. The supermarkets chain processes its own dairy, deli and bakery products and distributes them for all its stores. Company sales recorded in the year 2010 were over $ 25.1 billion. The company has been in fortune’s top 100 best companies to work for in the last fourteen years consecutively ( Kubiak, 2010). The company’s product lines include grocery, health and beauty care, pharmacy, general merchandise, floral and services. The products are sold through the retail chains or online. Services offered include: gift cards, photo processing services, prescription refills and financial services. Over the last few years, the company has responded to the cultural trends in the grocery markets by coming up with organic foods; natural foods, prepared meals and ethnic foods. It is for this reason that Publix has been successful in the grocery industry and managed to open new stores in several states across USA. In order to cater for the demand of its markets, Publix has created a new concept for its different clientele. This includes Greenwise and Publix Sabor. Green wise stocks organic produce and natural foods while Publix Sabor caters for the Latin American population in south and central Florida. The company has recently ventured into restaurants business through its subsidiary (the crispers) which sells fresh salad and sandwich meal concept restaurant (Korolo, 2011). Among the Major initiatives planned by Publix supermarkets chain in the coming years is the improvement of the Fishery Improvements Projects, a project carried out in conjunction with Darden restaurants and Public Fisheries Partnership. The project would be carried around the Gulf of Mexico. The initiative involves addressing challenges facing the environment and Publix is committed to combating illegal fishing, enhancing productivity and reducing negative impacts of the environment. The plan aims at building partnerships with the government, conservation and communities to develop and implement the fishery improvement. In return this would rescue the declining numbers and lead to increased fish supply. This is a seafood sustainability effort. The organization chose to partner with organizations that share the same vision to improve fisheries and move seafood sustainability to the next level. This initiative came at a time when the food agricultural organization raised an alarm that the world’s fish stocks were getting depleted due to over exploitation (Korolo, 2011). Publix Supermarkets Inc. aims to increase its markets share by venturing into new areas within the next five years. Among the places that Publix plans to set up shop is the Longboat Key. The company plans to redevelop the withered avenue of the flowers shopping center, at longboat Key. The company also plans to establish a retail center at Knoxville, Tenn. Expansion to these new locations is aimed a t providing customers with unique shopping experiences that lead to consumer satisfaction. The center in Knoxville could be open as early as the third quarter of 2012. Among the products on offer will be organic products in addition to the traditional store products and will feature products from the bakery department, deli department, meat department and public pharmacy ( Kubiak, 2010). Elements of administrative law relevant to the upcoming initiative and their impact In long boat key, the new retail chain has to be approved by the

Journal about the text, Shame of the Nation, pages 1-37 Essay

Journal about the text, Shame of the Nation, pages 1-37 - Essay Example are major schools with nearly 99 percent of students being black or Hispanic. His claims are based on his visits to sixty different schools across eleven states. The chapter reveals that apart from racial segregation in urban community public schools, there is also a distinct culture of ensuring that non-white population is repeatedly reminded of their inferior status. The schools lack modern amenities and black children are forced to chant, ‘I can.. I have confidence that I can learn’ (34) thereby implying that do not have the abilities and they can only try. The schools subtly promote discrimination as children are not exposed to the whites on a regular basis. The peer pressure therefore often becomes the major element that dissuades them to compete on equal basis. The blacks seem to have no expectations from a society that still looks down on them. thus, Kozol’s distress is genuine when he says that it is the ‘most destructive and long lasting message a nation possibly could give its children’ (37). America is one the greatest democracy of the world which revels in its diversity. But Kozol has shown that racial discrimination is still prevalent and practiced under the guise of legal jargon. Education is the most important platform that facilitates empowerment of the people, It is especially important for people who have been marginalized for centuries and require the support of knowledge to improve not only their social and economic status but also for competing on intellectual basis with the mainstream population. But education would not be able to play its role if it is imparted within an environment of discrimination. Kozol has shown a distressing front of urban public schools who deliberately emphasize that blacks are not equal to white but have to work towards their betterment not equality. It is also very painful revelation that segregation in schools is open and is being practiced under federal

Abstract article on evolution of hazardous explosives emergency Research Paper

Abstract article on evolution of hazardous explosives emergency response - Research Paper Example The trend today has been the development of realistic plans which are put down on paper. It is however noted that the emphasis of putting such plans on paper has to some extent drawn focus away from the planning process itself and from the original goal of ensuring that the community is well prepared in the case of emergencies. Unlike in previous times when emergency response was the preserve of federal, regional and local governments, the activity today involves policy makers, law enforcement agencies as well as the military. With regard to terrorism, a lot of emphasis has been put on understanding the way human beings behave when subjected to stress based on information logically drawn from past studies on technological and natural disasters. Explosion emergency preparedness and response today involves the sharing of information and cooperative planning among a diversity of parties unlike what used to happen a couple of decades ago. One of the main concerns when it comes to emergency response planning and execution is citizen panic. Based on past experiences with natural and technological disasters, new models of human behaviour in the event of different explosive disasters have been developed. A lot of variations in human behaviour in disasters are based on the effects and nature of the agents that cause the explosion. Past studies have shown that some agents cause higher and more acute fear levels as compared to others. Some of the elements that have been considered by emergency planners and responders in the event of disasters include the patterns of citizen response which are impacted by such factors as disaster syndrome, and panic among other factors. In general, it is noted that the response of citizens in the event of disasters such as explosions can be predicted. The outcome of such disasters on victims and citizens to a large extent can be extrapolated from past literature on people’s responses to

Journal about the text, Shame of the Nation, pages 1-37 Essay

Journal about the text, Shame of the Nation, pages 1-37 - Essay Example are major schools with nearly 99 percent of students being black or Hispanic. His claims are based on his visits to sixty different schools across eleven states. The chapter reveals that apart from racial segregation in urban community public schools, there is also a distinct culture of ensuring that non-white population is repeatedly reminded of their inferior status. The schools lack modern amenities and black children are forced to chant, ‘I can.. I have confidence that I can learn’ (34) thereby implying that do not have the abilities and they can only try. The schools subtly promote discrimination as children are not exposed to the whites on a regular basis. The peer pressure therefore often becomes the major element that dissuades them to compete on equal basis. The blacks seem to have no expectations from a society that still looks down on them. thus, Kozol’s distress is genuine when he says that it is the ‘most destructive and long lasting message a nation possibly could give its children’ (37). America is one the greatest democracy of the world which revels in its diversity. But Kozol has shown that racial discrimination is still prevalent and practiced under the guise of legal jargon. Education is the most important platform that facilitates empowerment of the people, It is especially important for people who have been marginalized for centuries and require the support of knowledge to improve not only their social and economic status but also for competing on intellectual basis with the mainstream population. But education would not be able to play its role if it is imparted within an environment of discrimination. Kozol has shown a distressing front of urban public schools who deliberately emphasize that blacks are not equal to white but have to work towards their betterment not equality. It is also very painful revelation that segregation in schools is open and is being practiced under federal

Revised Resource requirements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Revised Resource requirements - Essay Example Revised Resource requirements Most importantly, though, the entire cost of new resources must not exceed the initial $3.5 million mark set aside for the whole project. Information about how past projects of the kind handled the problem of floods will be important in alleviating the menace and stemming cases of a project creep. In light of the new changes to resource requirements occasioned by the flood disaster, the cost of investment will likely go up past the $3.5 million mark. In order to keep the cost of investment low, the project team will need to carry out a painstaking re-evaluation of the new requirements, especially those that revolve round control of floods. Specifically, the team will need to re-draw the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) to include flood disaster control activities alongside the original resource requirements. A comprehensive WBS that includes flood clearance and restocking of damaged materials will provide an accurate picture and estimation of the actual resources needed for the Mobile Cancer Screening project. Estimation of the amount of resources will enable the stakeholders to take stock of the additional costs and set up control measures to avoid a project creep (Kousholt, 2007). More effort will be needed to control the disaster and set the project on the path to success. Proper estimation of the additional effort will enable the project manager to deploy the right amount of resources for a time-cost trade-off in order to retain quality.

Map of the occupied Germany Essay Example for Free

Map of the occupied Germany Essay The map presented above has been reproduced from Wikimedia Commons. It shows the four zones which were occupied by Great Britain, France, the United States, and the USSR. It also shows the location of Berlin well inside the Russian zone. The inset shows how the city of Berlin was divided among the four occupiers. Just by looking at the geographical location of Berlin, one could immediately see that the carriers of supplies (like food, medicine, and fuel) which were coming from the western zone and meant for the residents of the western sectors of Berlin had to traverse through a significant portion of the Russian zone before they could reach their destination. The Berlin Blockade, therefore, threatened the very survival of the Berliners who were living in the western sectors. This was realized by Stalin who exploited the situation in order to exert pressure on the western powers into renegotiating the German problem. This was what worried Governor Clay. He was well aware that the 2. 5 million residents of the western sectors could not survive longer than five weeks without new shipments of supplies. The blockade first surprised then confused the officials of the western powers. British foreign minister Bevin declared that despite the blockade, they should go forward with the plan of creating a West German state. Military Governor Clay recommended the use of an armored convoy to transport supplies through the Russian zone. However, his recommendation was turned down for fear that it would provoke a war with the USSR. In the end, the suggestion of Bevin to airlift the supplies was favored (Wilde). The planes carrying the supplies would fly over the Russian zone using the three air corridors which were opened under an agreement with the Russians after the war. These were: the â€Å"Frankfurt/Main-Berlin air corridor, the Hannover/Bueckeburg-Berlin air corridor, and the Hamburg-Berlin air corridor† (Berlin Information Group). On July 2, 1948, British Lt. General Brian K. Robertson conferred with the leaders of the United States and France after which he demanded the lifting of the Berlin Blockade. However, on July 14, the USSR responded by saying that the United States, Great Britain, and France had lost their right to stay in Berlin. The Russian response also justified the blockade by stating that its objective was the protection of the â€Å"economy of the [S]oviet zone. † According to the Russians, the creation of a West German state and the issuance of a new currency violated the agreements of the â€Å"Big Four† with regards the occupation of Germany. Hence, by violating the agreement, Russians claimed that the United States, Great Britain, and France effectively rendered their right to take part in the occupation and administration of Berlin null and void. The Russians also emphasized that since Berlin was located inside the Russian zone, all of Berlin (including the western sectors) belonged to the Russian zone. The western powers reacted to the Russian allegations during a meeting among the delegations of the United States, Great Britain, and France which started on July 15. Their joint response stated that â€Å"Threats, pressure or other actions† could not pressure them into leaving Berlin. On July 17, William J. (Wild Bill) Donovan, a former Major General who was the director of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during the war, declared that â€Å"The place to make a stand against Russia is right here in Berlin. This is not a Cold War. It is Hot as Hell† (The Berlin Airlift Veterans Association).

Impact of Terrorist Attacks on Tourism and How to Prevent Acts of Terro

Introduction Acts of terrorism has greatly affected multiple countries, including the United States. The horrific events that took place on 9/11 left the American people shocked, devastated, and furious. Many innocent American’s lost their lives on this infamous day. While airports and airlines are not free from security breaches, a set of new security measures and requirements have been implemented by the International Air Transport Association and the International Civil Aviation Organization (Beirman, 2011). Increased security at airports and airlines, have left terrorists to target more vulnerable areas such as tourist destinations. Attacking tourists’ spots such as hotels, restaurants, nightclubs, conference venues and other forms of transportation such as buses, trains and rail terminals are an easier target for a terrorist group (Beirman, 2011). The main purpose of this paper is to inform the reader on how 9/11 impacted the tourism industry in recent following years after the attack, as well as to provide terrorism prevention strategies for tourism destinations. The attacks on 9/11 have significantly impacted the tourism industry in ways such as international, domestic and business arrivals, the economy and tourism business sectors, and citizen’s perceptions of traveling, thus resulting in researches coming up with strategies on how to prevent terrorism from happening at a tourism destination. Links and Trends Between Terrorism and Tourism Tourists may be victims of terrorism simply because they were at the wrong place at the wrong time. However, in recent history there is more likely to be a link between tourism and terrorism. As seen throughout the news, there are multiple instances where terrorists are seen targeting tourists specifically, such as the Bali Bombings that took place in Bali. Reason being is that attacking tourists has a distinctive advantage for the terrorist group. First of all, many foreign tourists who are attacked are from so-called developed countries such as the United States, France, Italy, and other various countries. Attacking theses foreign tourists guarantees publicity for the terrorist group in that tourist’s home country (Horner & Swarbrooke, 2004). Having these countries give terrorist groups publicity makes terrorists feel they have accomplished their task and are becoming more power... ...1, September 9). The tourism legacy of 9/11 ten years on. Retrieved from http://www.eturbonews.com/25139/tourism-legacy-911-ten-years Bonham, Carl & Edmonds, Christopher & Mak, James (2006, February 22) The Impact of 9/11 and Other Terrible Global Events on Tourism in the U.S. and Hawaii [Case Study]. Retrieved from http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/3683/econwp087.pdf?sequence=1 Herman, E. (2002, June 10). Hotels rebound from 9/11 revenue loss hampers full recovery. Retrieved from http://articles.nydailynews.com/2002-06-10/news/18188960_1_room- rates-hotel-consultant-revenue-per-available-room Horner, S., & Swarbrooke, J. (2004). International cases in tourism management. (1 ed.). London, England: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Paraskevas, Alexandros & Arendell, Beverley (2007, February 8). A strategic framework for terrorism prevention and mitigation in tourism destinations [Case Study]. Oxford: Elsevier Publishing. Wolley, John, & Peters, Gerhard (2001, September 11). George W. Bush: "Address to the Nation on the Terrorist Attacks," September 11, 2001. Retrieved from http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=58057

evilmac Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - The Evil Witches :: GCSE Coursework Macbeth Essays

Macbeth’s Evil Witches  Ã‚      The witches are seen as being evil. This is because at the time, witches were accepted as being real and evil. Shown in the play because the first scene is thunder and lightning, which is associated with terrible happenings and things so suggests witches are terrible things. They speak in rhymes and use many equivocal terms e.g. ‘Fair is foul, and foul is fair’. This suggests reversal and unbalance, which leads to chaos and disorder in Macbeth’s life. This is suggested because they immediately mention Macbeth so he is already associated with the witches and seen as being evil. The chaos is also shown in the natural world by the weather and natural events. Act 1 Scene 3, there is thunder when the witches meet again. The idea of them being evil is reinforced because in this scene because they are cursing a sailor. This suggests that Macbeth will also face a similar type of treatment. The mystery of the witches is increased in this scene because they know Macbeth is coming when the third witch tells the other two, ‘Macbeth doth come.’ This raises the question of how they knew he was coming and reinforces the link between Macbeth and the witches, which suggests to the audience that Macbeth is evil from the beginning of the play. This link is further reinforced when Macbeth’s first line using the same equivocal as the witches, ‘So foul and fair a day I have not seen’. Banquo is wary of the witches and does not really want to believe that they really because he says ‘That look not like th’ inhabitants o’ th’ earth’, which adds further to their mystery because they are described as being unnatural. However, the suggestion that Macbeth is somehow acquainted with them is again shown when he talks to them directly without fear and asks 'What are you?’ Nevertheless, this shows to an extent that Macbeth also saw the witches as being unnatural because he enquires about what they are but he does not appear to be afraid. They then avoid this question and tell Macbeth his prophecies as though this was the purpose all along. Their prophecies give rise to the question whether they knew that he was already Thane of Glamis and the next Thane of Cawdor. This adds to the mystery of the witches and provides some more evidence of the suggestion that they were well acquainted with Macbeth.

Gender differences

Males will use the Splashradio in different ways than females and will react differently to how it is used. The Splashradio is designed for both males and females and they can use it in many similar situations, however, males and females may use it to play in very different ways and since the Splashradio has no major rules, it can be used however the players choose. Gender roles still hold their stereotypical values developed throughout time, but they are continuously changing. Some barriers are starting to break and girls are beginning to enjoy video games more. The difference between male and female has been culturally constructed and society teaches children what is appropriate and inappropriate based on social norms and stereotypes (Cassell 6, 28). For example, boys are generally more interested in computer games and electronics than girls. This is not due to lack of women's ability, but their access to technologies and prior negative beliefs about women and electronics (Cassell 11-12). Stereotypes wont stop girls from using the Splashradio, but it may effect how they use it. Stereotypically girls play house and Barbie's while boys play more aggressive games, like war and wrestling, due to social norms. They can still do this with the Splashradio, but it doesn't limit them to the stereotypical roles. It will allow them to easily cross the line between designated male only and female only games. Right now it is still too difficult to market towards girls alone, but since the Splashradio can be used in any situation, it should be easily marked for both sexes (Cassell 16). Just because games like Purple Moon and Hawaii High failed don't mean all will. Girls can still play with romance plots, secrets, Barbie's and other traditional interests if they wish, but they aren't limited to them (Cassell 21). Cassell and Jenkins suggested it is best not to design gender specific games, because they will tell users how they are supposed to act and what they should like. The Splashradio leaves these decisions entirely up to the user. Girls may seek â€Å"complexity in terms of character relations, not in terms of action elements† like boys do, but they will be able to create this with the Splashradio. Simplifying games or making things pink, like the tanks in â€Å"Barbie Quake† won't help girls enjoy using the Splashradio (Cassell 26). The genders are different; they think differently, like different things, and in some cases want to play differently. Girls and boys should be given equal opportunities to explore and play with the same toys and they will have this chance with the Splashradio. Typically boys tend to explore and roam more than girls do (Jenkins 267). Boys are, stereotypically, more outdoor-oriented and girls are more indoor-oriented (Jenkins 268). In the past, boys have grown up more independent, they have gained recognition for risky play, were more competitive, violent, aggressive, and participated in more role-playing activities than girls did (Jenkins 270-274). Girls grew up being more dependent, house ridden, quiet, and conservative. According to Jenkins, girls are more interested in romance novels, secrets, and gossiping. However, in the 21st century girls aren't as interested in the romance novels and slow â€Å"exploring† games, like Purple Moon (Jenkins 284). Some girls still choose to play stereotypical games, but others are interested in competitive games, just like boys. Gender roles are not as strict as they used to be and girls are discovering many new forms of play that earlier generations thought were only for boys. Girls and boys may use the Splashradio to play games like Star Wars, football, or Marco Polo. However, it can still be used to play with dolls or house, as well, but the device is not gender specific and does not limit the kind of games people play relating to gender. Only social experiences and past stereotypes will control the types of play people participate in while using the Splashradio. One major reason boys and girls will play differently with the Splashradio and other toys is gender segregation. â€Å"Not only do preschool-age children tend to self-segregate by sex, but that segregation leads to the development of different sets of social skills, styles, expectations, and preferences† (Cohen 1). Observational studies have proven that the more children play with same sex peers, the more they follow gender stereotypes created by society. Researchers Carol Lynn Martin and Richard A. Fabes of Arizona State call this phenomenon â€Å"the social dosage effect†, implying how a greater â€Å"dosage† of gender segregated play will increase gender differences (Cohen 2). It is important for children to experience mixed-gender play in order to eliminate falling into gender stereotypes, however, when playgroups include both genders, another problem may arise. Girls aren't as active in play when boys are around, because boys tend to â€Å"monopolize† toys (Maccoby 514). Powlishta's research shows when two kids are alone boys get more play time with the toy, in this case a movie viewer. When an adult is present boys are more inhibited and girls acquire at least equal access to the toys (Maccoby 515). This means that in coed situations girls may not play with the Splashradio as much as boys, unless an adult is present.

Being a Professional Teacher

â€Å"Education is a powerful weapon which you can use to change the world† –Nelson Mandela- The term education above is having so powerful role for human’s life described by Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa. It means that education has a very important role for everything in this entire world. No human beings are able to survive properly without education. Education tells us how to think, how to work properly, how to cook, how to survive, how to make a decision, etc. through education only one can make separate identity.It is the most important thing besides our basic needs such as: Clothes, food, shelters or houses. For the first we learn to interact each other, as we know that we are social creature created by God. We learn to make friends because of education too. Since we were enrolled to a school by our parents, we didn’t learn only alphabet, number, reading etc, but we also made friends. We interacted with them with teacher. It shows us how important the role of education is. According to Wardiman Djoyonegoro, the ex of Ministry of Education affair â€Å"At least there are three aspects which are able to develop education properly. ) facilities, 2) The quality of the books, 3) professional Teachers and educational staffs†. From the above explanation from Wardiman, I ound it interesting to write about professional teacher and why teacher is being favorite job for me. From Dutch colonization era, there have been the term teacher, so close, so important and seems like spearhead rather than just â€Å"a smart and experienced people†. They’re so sharp, so kind even so hard. But that’s a teacher. Being a professional teacher is so interesting and will be respectable.But it’s not as easy as tearing a paper. It needs a lot of sacrifices, morally and materially. This country needs so many professional teachers and staffs. So that educational development will be as wonderful as snow in the des ert. Here some characteristics of professional teacher: Teachers should have a load of energy for their students. They care the students in every conversation or discussion they make with the students Having obvious purposes. They know the purpose each their lesson they will give and work all out to fulfill the purpose.Having a good creativity to make the students discipline and having a good class management They are able to communicate with the parents and also keep in touch with the students’ parents. They have a high hope from the students and encourage students to have a good achievement. If we have applied those all, surely we are being favorite teachers and will be respected by all. This is the reason why teacher should be our favorite job. Being a teacher is my decision when I enrolled to my collage STKIP PGRI Jombang.I decided to be a teacher when I’d graduated from this collage. When I was child, my mom told me that the smartest people is teacher. The preside nt became a president because of teacher. On that time I just imagined how wonderful they are and I decided that teacher would be my dream when I grew up. Hat’s only a piece of funny thought of mine. Now I realize I should be a professional teacher. Why? Looking back at the educational system of Indonesia, it’s so heart-touching when I see there are so many children have no chance to going to school, especially in remote area.Education now seems just for the high class people. Although there have been a law rule in UUD 1945 about Educational budget is 20%, education is free for the poor people. Thos are so far away if we look back the education in remote area. So how come the government does ask to the citizen to have higher education if the fee is not payable? That’s why I really want to be a teacher in remote area especially. At least I can contribute for my beloved country although I’m not a soldier or police who keep this country.

Psychology of Personality Essay

Psychology of personality is a branch of psychology that focuses on the study of personality and the individual differences. The main areas of focus are usually looking at individual’s psychological processes, the individual differences and studying how human behavior is similar. Personality is usually defined as well organized and dynamic set of characteristics possessed by a person that distinctively influence the cognitions, behavior in various situations and motivations. Since personality is complex and dynamic, various psychologists have come up with different theories to explain the different personality types. For the purpose of this paper, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and Jung’s theory of personality shall be used to analyze the personality of a lady friend by the name Ann. Since most people have various personality disorders, Ann’s personality disorder shall also be analyzed. Freud’s Theory of Personality The Freud’s theory of personality illustrates that personality of a human being is made up of three structures namely; the ego, superego and id. The id contains instincts and it is usually unconscious. The ego develops after the id and is considered to be the executive branch of personality since it uses reasoning to make decisions. Both the ego and id have no morality but the superego is the structure that contains morality as it takes into account whether something is right or wrong. The superego is also referred as the conscience since it has the ability to judge whether something is right or wrong. According to Freud’s theory of personality, personality is established at around five years of age. Studies suggest that the early childhood experience influence human behavior and continue to do so through out the whole life (Mitterer & Coon 2008). Further studies illustrate that behavior of a person develops through a series of childhood stages and the driving force during the stages is usually the psychosexual energy. Incase all the stages are completed successfully, healthy personality develops and if not, fixation occurs which leads to a personality disorder. These stages of development include the anal, oral, phallic, latent, and genital stage. Some of these stages shall be discussed comprehensively while analyzing Ann’s personality. Jung’s Theory of Personality Jung is psychologist who accomplished much but his personality theory of introversion and extroversion gained a lot of recognition and overshadowed the rest of his work. His theory suggests that introversion and extroversion are opposing attitude types that make a person to behave in a particular way. According to this theory of personality, human behavior is controlled by the introversion and extroversion attitudes. He defines an introvert as someone who is quite aware of the inner world and does not give much thought to the external world. An introvert attitude is usually more concerned with the subjective appraisal and considers dreams and fantasies more. On the other hand, an extrovert is usually characterized by the outside movement of the psyche energy. An extrovert attitude places more importance on the objectivity and at the same time gains a lot of influence from the outer environment than the inner cognitive processes. Nonetheless, the theory suggests that it is still possible for one person to have both attitudes though more often than not one must be overshadowed by another. The four functions of the personality theory namely, thinking, feeling, sensation and intuition were combined so as to come up with the eight personality types. Discussion Ann is a twenty five year old lady who currently works as a research scientist. She is very competent and productive, and since she was employed two years ago, she has received a number of awards due to her competency. She happens to be the first born in the family of four and has been brought up by very strict parents. Though she loves people, she mostly prefers to be alone and in social functions she prefers to remain calm and only talks with people close to her. She spends most of her leisure time reading or watching television when she is not studying. She can make a very good friend but once angered she reacts aggressively and she can put up a fight very first. In addition, she is quite independent and barely shares her things with other people. However, many people usually complain of her reserved and cold nature but she is quite orderly and maintains high level of cleanliness. In application of the Jung’s theory of personality, Ann displays more of an introvert attitude than that of an extrovert. While making decisions, Ann takes her time analyzing the available options and is not easily influenced by the outside factors which display an introvert attitude as illustrated by Jung’s theory of personality. She often makes a decision which suits her best, without giving much consideration to what others may think of her. Moreover she works best while alone and does not prefer social functions unless when it is very necessary. A person with such behavior is classified as an introvert by the Jung’s theory of personality (Gelpi 1993). While applying the Freud’s theory of personality, some of the behavior that characterizes Ann’s personality can be attributed to the experiences she passed through during the early childhood stages. The fact that she holds a lot of mistrust toward people illustrates that the care takers did not feed her on demand during the oral stage. However, during the anal stage, she received the appropriate toilet training hence the reason why she is quite competent, productive and orderly (Dumont, Wedding & Corsini 2007). Personality Disorder A personality disorder is often described as an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behavior that seems to deviates from individual’s culture and sets in during early adulthood or adolescence stage (Dobbert 2007). Since most of these behaviors are pervasive and also chronic they usually cause impairment in the daily life. A study of Ann’s life shows that she most probably suffers from a paranoid personality disorder. It is a disorder that is characterized by agoraphobia, depression and substance abuse as illustrated by the studies of (Dobbert, 2007). Ann displays most of the symptoms associate with paranoid disorder because she does not trust people, gets angry quickly especially if she thinks that she is being deceived, thinks that people are untrustworthy, she is always serious and secretive, and always analyzes every gesture and conversation to look for the hidden meaning. The above mentioned Ann’s personality traits illustrate that she suffers from paranoid personality disorder since the same symptoms characterize the disorder are part of the diagnostic criteria of the disorder. Conclusion and Recommendation Psychology of personality is very important since it helps in understanding different personalities as illustrated by the different behaviors. In psychology, there are many theories that have been established to explain different personalities. Despite the fact that all have the same goals some contain controversial ideas. However, they are still very helpful. In this study, the Freud’s theory of personality which illustrates that early childhood experiences shape the behavior of a person has helped in understanding the personality of Ann. It was possible to deduce that her mistrust originates from her oral stage as her caretakers did not feed her on demand. Such an experience makes an infant to lose trust on people. Jung’s theory of personality helps in understanding that the reserved nature of Ann is a result of an introverted attitude. In addition, the study has been of great help since it was possible to realize that Ann’s pervasive behavior of excessive mistrust is as a result of a paranoid personality disorder. References Dobbert, L. D. , (2007). Understanding personality disorders: an introduction. Westport, Greenwood Publishing Group. Dumont, F. , Wedding, D. & Corsini, J. , (2007). Current Psychotherapies. Stamford, Cengage Learning. Gelpi, D. L. , (1993). Committed Worship: Adult Conversion and Initiation. Collegeville, Liturgical Press Mitterer, J. O. & Coon, D. , (2008). Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior. Stamford, Cengage Learning.

Introduction to computer systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to computer systems - Essay Example In this scenario the business has established its intentions and objectives toward implementing completely new business management system. This report is intended to present a detailed analysis of some of main aspects of new system implementation. These important aspects can include business customer management and transactions management, etc. This report will also discuss the PC related requirements such as operating system requirements and other software and hardware requirements. 2- PC REQUIREMENTS This section is aimed at presenting the fundamental aspects of the new business management workstations. In this section I will present specifications and analysis of main technology features and aspects for new computer systems at corporation. Here for this purpose we have established some standards and frameworks those need to be followed for achieving better quality business management. ... e less costly 1.1- System Selected After the detailed market research and analysis of local and web based computer business shops I have assessed that the most excellent solution for the online customer management is Vostro 230 Slim-Tower. This system is slim, smart and looks attractive. Additionally, the overall processing and storage capability of this system is excellent. Below I have outlined the system’s specification and image: Figure 1- Dell Vostro 230 Slim-Tower Source: http://www.techlocation.com/files/2010/03/Dell-Vostro-Mini-Tower-Price-580x420.jpg 1.2- System Specifications PROCESSOR This system is based on Intel Pentium Dual-Core E5800 w/VT (3.2GHZ, 2MB L2, 800FSB) (Dell). OPERATING SYSTEM Genuine Windows 7 Home Premium 32 bit is installed on this system (Dell). OFFICE SOFTWARE This system comes with Microsoft ® Office Starter: reduced-functionality Word & Excel w/ads but no PowerPoint or Outlook (Dell). SERVICES & WARRANTY Dell Corporation offers 1 Year Basic L imited Warranty and 1 Year NBD On-Site Service for this system (Dell). MEMORY RAM This system includes 3GB DDR3 SDRAM 1333MHZ - 1x2GB 1x1GB (Dell). OPTICAL DRIVE (DVD) This system is offering Single Drive: 16X DVD-ROM Drive (Dell). HARD DRIVE (Main Storage) The memory of this system is up to 320GB with Serial ATA Hard Drive (7200RPM) w/DataBurst Cacheâ„ ¢ (Dell). VIDEO CARD This system is having Integrated Video (based on Intel ® GMA X4500) (Dell). MONITOR We have selected Dell 18.5 inch Widescreen E1910H Flat Panel display device (Dell). SECURITY SOFTWARE This system offers Trend Micro Worry-Free Business Security Services for 15-months (with cost of $39) (Dell). MODEM & WIRELESS There is no modem option available in this system (Dell). MEDIA READER This system does not offer any Media Reader

Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Essay

Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property - Essay Example This is sound ethical behavior, even if such reporting will result in severe financial loss to the company. All of the issues and more are covered in this case study. It is important to consider the reality of direct-to-consumer (DTC) marketing by consumer and its potential impact. This paper will analyze such issues in the context of PharmaCARE, while also exploring intellectual property considerations and U.S. law. The backdrop to this dialogue will be a strong consideration of the ethical obligations that a company like PharmaCARE has to the global community. Direct to Consumer Marketing and Drug Companies Simply put, direct to consumer marketing involves the promotion of a product in mainstream media. The intent is to promote the product by appealing the potential consumer directly. The term is actually most commonly applied to the pharmaceutical industry, which makes it worthy of discussion in this case. Drug companies that engage in direct to consumer marketing bypass health pr ofessionals and attempt to reach the patient directly. The Federal Food and Drug Administration regulate such advertising, yet many professionals claim that the oversight is quite lax and ineffective. There are several concerns with this method of advertising that applies particularly in the case of PharmaCARE. It should be noted that the most common methods of direct to consumer marketing include television advertising, print, radio, and now social media outlets. With the lack of adequate oversight, questions of an ethical nature are frequently asked when considering whether or not drug companies should use such a marketing strategy. Advertising companies are not health professionals. They do not diagnose patients and they cannot adequately determine if the side effects of any given drug may be counterproductive for the consumer. While pharmaceutical companies are required by law to indicate potential side effects of the drug being marketing, and they are only permitted to tout pro ven benefits of the medicine, such disclaimers are often not clear to the consumer. This can lead individual patients to try and self-diagnose their own illnesses, and then approach their own physician about getting a particular drug prescribed to them. This leads us to yet another ethical dilemma. If an advertising campaign for a new drug floods the airwaves, physicians may become inundated with requests to prescribe the drug to their patients. This puts the physician in an awkward position. They may end up overprescribing the drug, doing so without themselves actually researching the drug and feeling comfortable in its use. This creates the ethical question of whether drug companies should even be permitted to engage this practice at all. The argument is that they should only allowed to promote their products directly to health care professions, who can then decide which drugs best suit their particular patients. The practice of direct to consumer pharmaceutical advertising (DTCPA ) has so many ethical implications that most countries have an outright ban on the practice. Only the United States and New Zealand permit its broad use. This is the reason that PharmaCARE has been permitted to engage in the practice. To be fair, not at all pharmaceutical companies market their drugs directly to the consumer. It seems to be